System Center Configuration Manager 2012 brought the possibility for a collection to refresh its members using Incremental Update.  It means that the collection will periodically  evaluate new resources only, and does not execute a Full Update Membership.

SCCM Collection Incremental

By default, the interval is set to every 5 minutes. But if you want to increase or decrease it, you can do it easily with the SCCM Console.

Change Incremental Update

It is possible to set the interval from 1 minute to 1440 minutes (24 hours). To change the value:

• Go to Administration / Site Configuration / Sites
• Select the primary site.
• On the top, Configure Site Components and Collection Membership Evaluation.

SCCM Collections Membership Evaluation

• Change to the desired value.

SCCM Incremental Update Interval

Self-control

As Microsoft Best-Practices on Incremental Update , here, DO NOT enable this feature on more than 200 collections.

Depends on your collections type, query, number of client in your site, this limit can be lower. Too many incremental update can really slow down all collection membership evaluation.

More

You can get more information about Incremental Update and collections here.